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Reviewed CSCA Physics question · Standard

在光滑水平面上,质量分别为2 kg和3 kg的两个小球,分别以速度4 m/s和2 m/s沿同一直线相向运动,发生碰撞后粘在一起。求碰撞后它们的共同速度大小和方向。

  1. 0.4 m/s,方向与2 kg小球初速度方向相同
  2. 0.4 m/s,方向与3 kg小球初速度方向相同
  3. 2.8 m/s,方向与2 kg小球初速度方向相同
  4. 2.8 m/s,方向与3 kg小球初速度方向相同
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer

A. 0.4 m/s,方向与2 kg小球初速度方向相同

Principle or equation

动量守恒定律:m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = (m₁ + m₂)v共。取2 kg小球初速度方向为正方向。

Why this answer is correct

取2 kg小球速度方向为正,则v₁=4 m/s,v₂=-2 m/s。动量守恒:2×4 + 3×(-2) = (2+3)v共 → 8 - 6 = 5v共 → v共 = 0.4 m/s,方向为正,即与2 kg小球初速度方向相同。

Example

若m₁=1 kg,v₁=3 m/s,m₂=2 kg,v₂=-1 m/s,则v共=(3-2)/3=0.33 m/s,方向与1 kg球相同。

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