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Reviewed CSCA Chemistry question · Easy

实验室中需要从含有少量氯化钠的硝酸钾固体混合物中提纯硝酸钾,最合理的实验操作顺序是?

  1. 溶解 → 蒸发结晶 → 过滤
  2. 溶解 → 蒸发浓缩 → 冷却结晶 → 过滤
  3. 溶解 → 过滤 → 蒸发结晶
  4. 溶解 → 冷却结晶 → 过滤 → 蒸发结晶
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer

B. 溶解 → 蒸发浓缩 → 冷却结晶 → 过滤

Principle or equation

硝酸钾的溶解度随温度升高而显著增大,氯化钠的溶解度受温度影响较小。因此采用降温结晶(冷却热饱和溶液)的方法提纯硝酸钾。

Why this answer is correct

先将混合物溶于热水制成较高温度下的浓溶液,然后蒸发浓缩(减少溶剂),再冷却,硝酸钾因溶解度急剧下降而大量析出,氯化钠因溶解度变化小仍留在母液中,最后过滤得到较纯的硝酸钾晶体。

Example

KNO3中混有NaCl,可先配成热饱和溶液,冷却后KNO3析出,NaCl留在母液中。

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