两个点电荷分别带有+2×10⁻⁶ C和-3×10⁻⁶ C的电荷,它们在真空中相距0.3 m。已知静电力常量k=9×10⁹ N·m²/C²,则它们之间的静电力大小为多少?
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Correct answer
A. 0.6 N
Principle or equation
库仑定律:F = k|q₁q₂|/r²。电荷量取绝对值,力的大小与电荷正负无关。
Why this answer is correct
F = (9×10⁹) × (2×10⁻⁶ × 3×10⁻⁶) / (0.3)² = (9×10⁹ × 6×10⁻¹²) / 0.09 = (54×10⁻³) / 0.09 = 0.054 / 0.09 = 0.6 N。
Example
若电荷量均为1×10⁻⁶ C,距离0.1 m,则F = 9×10⁹×1×10⁻¹²/0.01 = 0.9 N。
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