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Reviewed CSCA Chemistry question · Hard

在醋酸溶液中存在电离平衡:CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO− + H+。向该溶液中加入少量醋酸钠固体(忽略体积变化),下列叙述正确的是?

  1. c(H+)增大
  2. 电离平衡正向移动
  3. c(CH3COO−)增大
  4. 电离常数Ka增大
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Correct answer

C. c(CH3COO−)增大

Principle or equation

同离子效应:加入含相同离子的强电解质,会使弱电解质的电离平衡向逆反应方向移动,但该离子的总浓度会增加。电离常数只随温度变化。

Why this answer is correct

加入醋酸钠固体,溶液中CH3COO−浓度增大,抑制醋酸电离,平衡逆向移动,c(H+)减小,Ka不变。虽然平衡逆向移动,但加入的醋酸钠提供的CH3COO−远大于消耗的,故c(CH3COO−)增大。

Example

例如,在0.1 mol/L醋酸中加入少量醋酸钠晶体,pH会升高,说明c(H+)减小。

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