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Reviewed CSCA Chemistry question · Standard

在 25℃时,将 0.20 g 氢氧化钾固体溶于水,配成 200 mL 溶液。取该溶液 20.0 mL,加水稀释至 500 mL。稀释后溶液的 pH 值最接近多少?(已知 KOH 的摩尔质量为 56 g/mol,忽略体积变化,25℃时 Kw=1.0×10^-14)

  1. 3
  2. 4
  3. 10
  4. 11
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer

D. 11

Principle or equation

pH = -lg c(H+),在 25℃时,c(H+)·c(OH-) = Kw。强碱完全电离,稀释后计算 OH- 浓度,再求 H+ 浓度和 pH。

Why this answer is correct

n(KOH) = 0.20 g / 56 g/mol ≈ 0.00357 mol。原溶液 c(OH-) = 0.00357 mol / 0.200 L = 0.01785 mol/L。取 20.0 mL,n(OH-) = 0.01785 × 0.020 = 3.57×10^-4 mol。稀释至 500 mL,c(OH-) = 3.57×10^-4 / 0.500 = 7.14×10^-4 mol/L。c(H+) = 1.0×10^-14 / 7.14×10^-4 ≈ 1.4×10^-11 mol/L,pH ≈ 10.85,最接近 11。

Example

例如,将 0.01 mol/L NaOH 稀释 10 倍,c(OH-) = 0.001 mol/L,c(H+) = 1e-11,pH = 11。

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