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Reviewed CSCA Chemistry question · Standard

在25℃时,将0.56 g氢氧化钾固体溶于水,配成250 mL溶液。取该溶液10.0 mL,加水稀释至100 mL。稀释后溶液的pH值最接近多少?(已知KOH的摩尔质量为56 g/mol,忽略体积变化,25℃时Kw=1.0×10^-14)

  1. 11
  2. 12
  3. 13
  4. 10
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer

B. 12

Principle or equation

先计算原溶液的物质的量浓度,再根据稀释公式计算稀释后浓度,然后由c(OH-)求pOH,再根据pH=14-pOH求出pH。

Why this answer is correct

n(KOH)=0.56 g / 56 g/mol = 0.01 mol,原溶液浓度c1=0.01 mol / 0.250 L = 0.04 mol/L。稀释10倍后c2=0.04 mol/L × (10.0 mL / 100 mL) = 0.004 mol/L。因此c(OH-)=0.004 mol/L,pOH=-lg(0.004)≈2.4,pH=14-2.4=11.6,最接近12。

Example

若将0.56 g KOH配成250 mL,取10 mL稀释至100 mL,则稀释后c(OH-)=0.004 mol/L,pH≈12。

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